Chapter 18: Too Much Water, Too Little Water
पानी कहीं ज्यादा, कहीं कम (भीमा संघ, होलगुंडी कर्नाटक एवं ओ.आर.एस. का घोल)
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- Bhima Sangh (भीमा संघ): A unique Children's Panchayat established in Holgundi village in Karnataka that successfully revived historic hill tanks and solved acute water scarcity.
- Dehydration & ORS: Diarrhea and vomiting drain water and vital salts rapidly from the human body; Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is prepared by mixing 1 glass of boiled-cooled water with 1 small teaspoon of sugar and 1 pinch of salt.
- Social Inequality in Water Use: In Bazaar Gaon (Maharashtra), an opulent commercial water park operated roaring wave machines and water slides, while adjacent villagers had no drinking water.
- Contaminated Water Dangers: Drinking polluted, yellowish water in Nalgonda (Andhra Pradesh/Telangana) causes cholera, diarrhea, and vomiting.
- Trap: Location of 'Bhima Sangh': It was established in **Holgundi village in KARNATAKA**, not Rajasthan or Gujarat.
- Trap: Who constituted 'Bhima Sangh'? Correct: **Children** of the village working under guidance of village elders.
- Trap: The precise formula of ORS: 1 glass boiled-cooled water + **1 teaspoon sugar + ONLY 1 pinch of salt** (not 1 spoon salt).
NCERT Core Facts: Water Injustice, ORS Formulation & "Bhima Sangh"
NCERT Class 4 Chapter 18 is one of the most repeatedly tested chapters on the CTET examination.
1. Case Studies of Water Inequality
- Nalgonda (Telangana/Andhra Pradesh): Suguna's village faced contaminated tap water that made people vomit; guests were offered cold soft drinks because drinking water was unsafe.
- Bazaar Gaon (Maharashtra): A massive commercial amusement water park wasted thousands of liters in wave pools while local women stood outside the gates carrying empty brass pots without a drop of drinking water.
- Cuffe Parade (Mumbai): Deepak's mother boiled contaminated pipeline water before drinking to avoid cholera.
2. First Aid: Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
When children suffer from acute diarrhea (dast) and vomiting (ulti), the body becomes dangerously dehydrated:
3. The Legend of "Bhima Sangh" in Holgundi (Karnataka)
CBSE asks direct questions on this community-led ecological restoration:
- Location: Holgundi village (होलगुंडी) in Karnataka.
- Problem: Chronic groundwater depletion forced adult villagers to abandon farms and migrate to cities for labor.
- The Solution (भीमा संघ):
- The Gram Panchayat set up a dedicated Children's Panchayat named "Bhima Sangh".
- The children inspected the historic tank on the hill that had fallen into disuse, filled with mud and garbage.
- They cleared debris, cleaned stone walls, desilted channels, and planted trees around catchment areas.
- During the next monsoon, rainwater filled the hill tank, recharging underground wells. Holgundi's water crisis ended permanently, and migratory farmers returned.
Test Your Mastery: Too Much Water, Too Little Water
Authentic CBSE exam questions tested directly from this NCERT chapter.
In which state is Holgundi village, where the children's panchayat named 'Bhima Sangh' was formed to solve the acute water crisis, located?
पानी की भीषण समस्या को हल करने के लिए 'भीमा संघ' नामक बच्चों की पंचायत किस राज्य के होलगुंडी गाँव में बनाई गई थी?
According to NCERT Class 4 EVS, how is an Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) prepared at home during vomiting and diarrhea?
उल्टी और दस्त के समय घर पर ओ.आर.एस. (ORS) का घोल कैसे तैयार किया जाता है?
Who were the active members of the 'Bhima Sangh' in Holgundi, Karnataka?
होलगुंडी (कर्नाटक) के 'भीमा संघ' के सक्रिय सदस्य कौन थे?
Where was the famous children's panchayat 'Bhima Sangh' established?
In Holgundi village in Karnataka state.
What is the exact recipe for preparing ORS at home according to NCERT?
One glass of boiled and cooled water mixed with one teaspoon of sugar and a pinch of salt.